The triangle algorithm in the star pattern identification algorithms is the most widely used because of its simple and convenient, but the recognition rate will drop rapidly under the interference of noise, and the recognition time is longer. Aiming at this problem, this paper presents an improved star pattern identification algorithm based on triangle algorithm. The improved algorithm constructs luminance and distance triangles based on luminance and distance information to form angular distance information to improve robustness. The identification star catalog adopts the parallel processing mode of the guide star catalog and the feature star catalog to reduce the excessive matching and reduce the matching time. The simulation shows that the improved algorithm still maintains a high recognition rate of over 96% under the interference of star point position noise and star brightness noise. The algorithm has better robustness and the recognition average time is greatly shortened.