Because the camera calibration is easily interfered by the target itself and external environmental factors, and the camera calibration accuracy directly affects the results of computer vision fields such as binocular vision or 3D reconstruction, the camera calibration accuracy should be improved as much as possible during the calibration process. The factors influencing the accuracy of the camera calibration process are mainly the size of the target’s own grid, the number of feature points, the position and flatness, and the number of target images extracted by the camera, the calibration object distance, and lighting conditions. This article takes the influencing factors of camera calibration accuracy as the starting point, introduces the imaging model of camera calibration and the influence of single factors on the calibration accuracy, summarizes the optimal calibration conditions of camera calibration, and provides an effective reference for the research of camera calibration.