For the problems of slow transmission speed and poor transmission quality of panoramic multi-target reconnaissance remote sensing images, a panoramic image acquisition and high-speed transmission system based on FPGA is designed by using GTX high-speed serial transceiver technology, mainly including image acquisition module, GTX image transmission module, data cache module and image display module. The GTX image transmission module uses optical fiber as the transmission medium, SFP+ as the transmission interface, and the transmission protocol is Aurora 8B10B single lane 4byte; the data cache module uses DDR3 SDRAM as the cache unit of the system. Experimental test results show that the system can capture images with a maximum resolution of 5 megapixels, and can achieve up to 10.3125Gbps high-speed video image transmission without distortion over optical fibre, with a BER of about 10^(-12), providing a feasible solution for high-capacity image capture and transmission.