基于抽油机悬点载荷的油井动液面软测量方法
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1.西安理工大学机械与精密仪器工程学院西安710048; 2.西安华瑞网电科技股份有限公司西安710075; 3.中石油长庆油田分公司发展计划部西安710018

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TE937TH89

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陕西省重点研发计划(2025CY-YBXM-620)项目资助


Soft-sensing method of dynamic fluid level in oil well based on load of hanging point of pumping unit
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1.School of Mechanical & Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi′an University of Technology, Xi′an 710048, China; 2.Xi′an Hi-Rate Network Technology Co, Ltd, Xi′an 710075, China; 3.Development Planning Department of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi′an 710018, China

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    摘要:

    动液面深度的准确测量是分析油田生产运行动态、制定和调整油田开发方案的关键技术。针对常规浮筒法和声波反射法等因受套管环空空间的影响无法适用于斜井、示功图计算法因其测力传感器受持续交变载荷影响稳定性差、动液面预测法计算量较大的问题,从电能“既是动力源又是信息源”的双源特性出发,提出一种从地上电动机工作电参数—抽油机悬点载荷—地下油井动液面深度跨域关联的软测量方法。首先根据游梁式抽油机抽油过程中的能量流通传递机理,建立由地面电动机输入电参数、四连杆机构参数以及游梁倾角位移,计算其驴头悬点载荷的数学模型,其次基于抽油泵在上冲程固定阀开启瞬间以及下冲程过程中,油液流在其固定阀的压力降呈现零值的特征,在获得的悬点载荷数据域中,动态截取其首波峰点与首波谷点之间的区域作为上静载荷最优观测区,求取多个冲程中本观测区内的载荷均值作为上静载荷,同时求取多个冲程中下冲程的载荷均值作为下静载荷,最后根据动液面深度与抽油机悬点上、下静载荷的关联关系,建立动液面软测量数学模型,将采集的电动机输入电参数代入计算,求出动液面深度的软测量值。工程实验与应用结果表明,该法稳定性好,工程实用性强,能适用于电驱井,相对测量误差≤±8%。

    Abstract:

    The accurate measurement of dynamic liquid depth is a key technology to analyze the production and operation dynamics of oilfields, and to formulate and adjust oilfield development plans. Because of the conventional pontoon method and acoustic wave reflection method, which cannot be applied to inclined wells due to the influence of the casing annular space, the dynamometer calculation method has poor stability due to the influence of continuous alternating load, and a large amount of calculation is required in the dynamic liquid level prediction method. Starting from the dual-source characteristics of electric energy as both a power source and an information source, a soft measurement method is proposed to correlate the cross-domain correlation between the working electrical parameters of the above-ground motor, the suspension load of the pumping unit, and the dynamic surface depth of the underground oil well. Firstly, according to the energy flow and transfer mechanism of the beam pumping unit during the pumping process, a mathematical model of the donkey head suspension load is formulated by the input electrical parameters of the ground motor, the parameters of the four-link mechanism, and the inclination displacement of the beam. Secondly, based on the fact that the pressure drop of the oil flow in the fixed valve of the pump presents zero value at the moment of opening of the fixed valve of the upstroke and the process of the downstroke, the area between the peak point of the first wave and the trough point of the first wave is dynamically intercepted as the optimal. Finally, according to the correlation between the depth of the dynamic liquid level and the static load on and below the suspension point of the pumping unit, the mathematical model of soft measurement of dynamic liquid level is established, and the input electrical parameters of the collected motor are substituted into the calculation to obtain the soft measurement value of dynamic liquid level depth. The results of engineering experiments and applications show that the method has good stability and strong engineering practicability. It can be applied to electric drive wells. The relative measurement error is not more than ±8%.

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赵怀军,姬永晟,胡定兴,赵东升,聂小兵.基于抽油机悬点载荷的油井动液面软测量方法[J].仪器仪表学报,2025,46(7):251-259

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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-11-07
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