Graphene aerogel (GA) has been shown to possess vibration responsiveness and significant potential for developing novel accelerometers. To explore the response characteristics of GA-based sensors under low-frequency and low-amplitude vibrations, a new GA accelerometer was designed and assembled based on the mechanical properties of the prepared GA. In this design, GA serves simultaneously as both the elastic element and the sensing element, achieving dual-function integration that simplifies the overall structure. The response characteristics of the GA accelerometer were tested on a vibration table and further verified by monitoring motor vibration in a vacuum pump. The results demonstrated that the GA accelerometer exhibits high sensitivity and linearity in the time-domain signal, with a sensitivity exceeding 3 mV/g under 1g acceleration—higher than the previously reported 2.6 mV/g. Meanwhile, the frequency-domain signal showed high precision and stable repeatability, with a maximum relative error rate of 0.44%, which is an order of magnitude lower than the 5.46% of commercial sensors. In low-frequency and lowamplitude vibration tests, the frequency-domain signal of the GA accelerometer exhibits a large DC offset, masking relatively small frequency-domain components; however, clear frequency-domain signals could be obtained after removing the DC offset via high-pass filtering. Moreover, during vibration monitoring, the GA accelerometer produced stable time-domain response to both constant-frequency and variable-frequency vibrations, and time-frequency analysis of the output signals aligned well with the preset operating conditions. In practical monitoring applications, the GA accelerometer also showed excellent performance: results from three frequency tests under identical conditions were highly consistent, and the monitoring signals exhibited significant output changes in response to abnormal bodyshaking events. These findings confirm its strong potential for equipment condition monitoring applications.