面向遥操作机械臂的三维柔性触觉传感器
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1.南京信息工程大学自动化学院南京210044; 2.东南大学仪器科学与工程学院南京210096

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TH703

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Three-dimensional flexible tactile sensor for teleoperated robotic arms
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1.School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; 2.School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China

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    摘要:

    传统三维力传感器在应用中存在如剪切力与法向力耦合,柔性不足,解耦算法复杂等问题,制约了其在遥操作机器人精密作业场景中的应用。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于单层环形正弦化磁膜的三维磁性触觉传感器,旨在实现对三维力的实时解耦测量。该传感器通过单层磁膜结构实现了三维力自解耦,避免了传统三维力传感器的多维力耦合与对复杂算法的依赖。经标定实验测试,该传感器性能优秀,具备高灵敏度和高精度特性。其可在Z轴方向测量0~15 N的力,灵敏度为0.014 7 kPa-1,均方根误差为0.001 5 mT。在X与Y轴方向则覆盖-5~5 N的测量范围,灵敏度分别可达0.020 3与0.020 9 kPa-1,均方根误差则分别为0.002与0.001 9。同时,传感器本体由柔性结构设计,兼具了低功耗、高输出频率等特点。在滑觉控制实验中,在机械臂末端执行器上构建了滑觉控制策略。通过在增广智能夹爪上安装所设计的触觉传感器,使得该系统能够实时监测夹爪与物体接触面间的法向力与切向力,并结合增量式PID控制策略,在检测到滑动发生后迅速调整夹持力,实现对动态增重容器的稳定抓取。该实验平均响应时间为113.3 ms,验证了引入该传感器的滑觉控制策略在实际应用中的稳定性与可靠性。

    Abstract:

    This study addresses challenges in conventional threeaxis force sensors—namely the coupling between shear and normal forces, insufficient flexibility, and complex decoupling algorithms—which limit their application in precision teleoperation of robots. To overcome these issues, we propose a three-dimensional magnetic tactile sensor based on a single-layer annular sinusoidal magnetic film that enables real-time, self-decoupled measurement of tri-axial forces. Through the single-layer magnetic film structure, the sensor achieves self-decoupling of three-dimensional force, thereby avoiding multi-dimensional force coupling and the dependence on complex algorithms. Calibration experiments demonstrate that the sensor exhibits excellent performance with high sensitivity and high accuracy. Along the Z-axis, the measurable range is 0~15 N with a sensitivity of 0.014 7 kPa-1 and a root-mean-square error of 0.001 5 mT. Along the X- and Y-axes, the measurement range is -5 to 5 N, with sensitivities of 0.020 3 and 0.020 9 kPa-1, and RMSEs of 0.002 and 0.001 9, respectively. The sensor body adopts a flexible structural design, featuring low power consumption and a high output frequency. In slip-control experiments, a slip-control strategy was implemented on the end effector of the robotic arm. By mounting the designed tactile sensor on an augmented-intelligence gripper, the system monitors the normal and tangential contact forces in real time and, together with an incremental PID controller, rapidly adjusts the gripping force upon slip detection to stably grasp a container with a dynamically increasing load. The average response time is 113.3 ms, demonstrating the stability and reliability of the proposed slip-control strategy in practical applications.

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商珂,祝佳航,陈大鹏,宋爱国.面向遥操作机械臂的三维柔性触觉传感器[J].仪器仪表学报,2025,46(8):311-320

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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-11-07
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